Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has a single mission: to connect people around the world.
It'south ane reason why he decided to launch a Facebook-based book order final yr, with a reading list that focused on "different cultures, beliefs, histories, and technologies."
Although the birth of his daughter, Max, kept him from striking his goal of a book every two weeks, he ended the year with 23 selections in his A Yr of Books reading group.
We've put together a list of his picks and why he thinks everyone should read them.
1. The Muqaddimah past Ibn Khaldun
The Muqaddimah, which translates toThe Introduction, was written in 1377 by the Islamic historian Khaldun. Information technology's an attempt to strip away biases of historical records and observe universal elements in the progression of humanity.
Khaldun's revolutionary scientific arroyo to history established him as ane of the fathers of modern folklore and historiography.
"While much of what was believed then is now disproven afterwards 700 more years of progress, it's still very interesting to see what was understood at this fourth dimension and the overall worldview when information technology's all considered together," Zuckerberg writes.
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2.The New Jim Crow past Michelle Alexander
Alexander is a law professor at Ohio Country Academy and a civil-rights advocate who argues in her book that the "war on drugs" has fostered a culture in which nonviolent black males are overrepresented in prison, then are treated as 2d-class citizens once they are freed.
"I've been interested in learning about criminal justice reform for a while, and this book was highly recommended by several people I trust," Zuckerberg writes.
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three.Why Nations Neglect past Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson
Why Nations Neglect is an overview of fifteen years of enquiry by MIT economist Daren Acemoglu and Harvard political scientist James Robinson, and was first published in 2012.
The authors fence that "extractive governments" utilise controls to enforce the power of a select few, while "inclusive governments" create open markets that allow citizens to spend and invest money freely, and that economic growth does not always point the long-term health of a land.
Zuckerberg's interest in philanthropy has grown alongside his wealth in recent years, and he writes that he chose this volume to better understand the origins of global poverty.
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4.The Rational Optimist by Matt Ridley
The Rational Optimist, first published in 2010, is the well-nigh pop and perhaps the most controversial of pop-science writer Matt Ridley'southward books.
In it, he argues that the concept of markets is the source of human progress, and that progress is accelerated when they are kept as free equally possible. The resulting development of ideas will consistently allow humankind to improve its living conditions, despite the threats of climate change and overpopulation.
Zuckerberg says that he picked upward this book because it posits the inverse theory of Why Nations Fail, which argues that social and political forces command economical ones.
"I'm interested to run across which idea resonates more after exploring both frameworks," Zuckerberg writes.
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5.Portfolios of the Poor by Daryl Collins, Jonathan Morduch, Stuart Rutherford, and Orlanda Ruthven
Researchers Daryl Collins, Jonathan Morduch, Stuart Rutherford, and Orlanda Ruthven spent 10 years studying the fiscal lives of the everyman classes of People's republic of bangladesh, India, and South Africa.
A fundamental finding that they include in Portfolios of the Poor is that farthermost poverty flourishes in areas non where people alive dollar to dollar or where poor purchasing decisions are widespread, but instead arises where they lack access to financial institutions to shop their money.
"It's heed-blowing that almost one-half the world--almost 3 billion people--live on $2.l a day or less. More than 1 billion people live on $1 a 24-hour interval or less," Zuckerberg writes. "I hope reading this provides some insight into ways nosotros can all piece of work to support them meliorate as well."
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half-dozen.World Order by Henry Kissinger
In onetime U.S. secretary of land Henry Kissinger'due south 2014 volume, World Lodge, the 91-yr-old analyzes the ways different parts of the earth have understood the concept of empire and political power for centuries, and how the modern global economy has brought them together in often tense or fierce means.
It'due south "about foreign relations and how we tin can build peaceful relationships throughout the globe," Zuckerberg writes. "This is of import for creating the world we all want for our children, and that's what I'm thinking about these days."
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7.The Varieties of Religious Experience by William James
William James (1849-1919) is "considered by many to exist the most insightful and stimulating of American philosophers," co-ordinate to the Cyberspace Encyclopedia of Philosophy from the University of Tennessee.
The Varieties of Religious Experience is a drove of written lectures that explore the religious consciousness and the mechanics of how people use religion as a source of meaning, compelling them to move onward through life with energy and purpose.
"When I read Sapiens, I establish the affiliate on the evolution of the role of organized religion in human life most interesting and something I wanted to go deeper on," Zuckerberg writes.
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eight.Creativity, Inc. by Ed Catmull
Inventiveness, Inc. is the story of Pixar, written past one of the figurer-blitheness giant's founders.
Catmull intersperses his narrative with valuable wisdom on management and entrepreneurialism, and argues that whatever company should consciously avert hampering their employees' natural creativity.
"I love reading commencement-mitt accounts most how people build nifty companies like Pixar and nurture innovation and creativity," Zuckerberg writes.
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nine.Sapienspast Yuval Noah Harari
Offset published in 2014, Sapiens is a critically acclaimed international best seller by Hebrew University of Jerusalem historian Noah Harari. He uses his book to track the evolution of Human sapiens from hunter-gatherers into self-empowered "gods" of the future.
"Following The Muqaddimah, which was a history from the perspective of an intellectual in the 1300s, Sapiens is a gimmicky exploration of many similar questions," Zuckerberg writes.
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10.The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn
If there was e'er a philosophy volume to read past a physicist, information technology's probably The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.
Since its initial publication in 1962, this look at the evolution of science and the result it has on the modern globe has become "i of the well-nigh cited bookish books of all time," according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Zuckerberg thinks that beingness aware of how scientific breakthroughs are the catalysts for social progression tin can be a "strength for social skilful."
Kuhn's book is best known for introducing the phrase "paradigm shift," representing instances in scientific history when a perspective was fundamentally shifted, similar when quantum physics replaced Newtonian mechanics.
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11.Dealing With China by Henry M. Paulson Jr.
Zuckerberg has been intensely fascinated with Chinese culture over the past several years. He's been learning to speak Standard mandarin Chinese and has said that one of his long-term goals is convincing the Chinese government to let its people utilise Facebook.
Dealing With China, by the former U.Due south. treasury secretary, explores Prc's recent rise in global influence and how it affects the world.
"Over the terminal 35 years, China has experienced one of the greatest economical and social transformations in human being history," Zuckerberg writes. "Hundreds of millions of people have moved out of poverty. By many measures, People's republic of china has washed more than to lift people out of poverty than the whole residual of the globe combined."
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12.The Start of Infinitypast David Deutsch
Zuckerberg's final selection of the twelvemonth was Oxford physicist David Deutsch's The Beginning of Infinity, a sprawling look at the progress of humanity following the Scientific Revolution. It touches on everything from art and science to politics and philosophy.
Deutsch concludes that human potential is infinite, perhaps the purest expression of the optimism regarding the fate of humanity that connects all of the selections in A Twelvemonth of Books.
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13.The Better Angels of Our Nature by Steven Pinker
Zuckerberg admits that this 800-page, data-rich book from a Harvard psychologist can seem intimidating.
But the writing is actually easy to get through, and he thinks that Pinker'south study of how violence has decreased over time despite being magnified past a 24-hour news bicycle and social media is something that can offer a life-changing perspective.
It should be noted that Bill Gates also considers this one of the nigh important books he's e'er read.
If you'd like to save some fourth dimension, check out our summary of the tome.
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14.Genomeby Matt Ridley
Ridley is the only author to announced on Zuckerberg's list twice.
His 1990 book,Genome, is an exploration of the evolution of genes and the growing field of genetics.
"This volume aims to tell a history of humanity from the perspective of genetics rather than sociology," Zuckerberg writes. "This should complement the other broad histories I've read this year."
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15.The End of Power by Moisés Naím
Zuckerberg launched his book society with this lofty title from Naím, old executive director of the World Bank and senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
It'due south a historical investigation of the shift of power from authoritative governments, militaries, and major corporations to individuals. This is clearly seen in what'due south now become a Silicon Valley cliché: the disruptive startup.
"The tendency towards giving people more ability is one I believe in deeply," Zuckerberg writes.
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xvi.On Immunity past Eula Biss
Zuckerberg says that Biss's investigation into the benefits of vaccination is necessary to read, considering the anti-vaccination movement in the U.S. and parts of Europe.
"The scientific discipline is completely clear: Vaccinations work and are of import for the health of everyone in our customs," Zuckerberg writes, adding that this book was highly recommended to him past scientists and public-health workers.
"This book explores the reasons why some people question vaccines, so logically explains why the doubts are unfounded and vaccines are in fact effective and rubber," he says.
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17.The Thought Factory past Jon Gertner
Fast Visitor editor Jon Gertner'southward 2012 book The Idea Mill tells the history of Bell Labs from the 1920s through the 1980s, in which the invention of the transistor revolutionized the world of applied science and the innovation-fostering management style that rules Silicon Valley was first developed.
Bong Labs' research has won it the most Nobel Prizes of any laboratory in history, with seven in physics and some other in chemistry.
Zuckerberg writes that he chose the book because he's "very interested in what causes innovation--what kinds of people, questions, and environments."
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18.The Three-Trunk Problem by Cixin Liu
The Three-Trunk Trouble was first published in China in 2008, and the English language translation that came out final year won the 2015 Hugo Award for Best Novel, an honour for sci-fi book of the yr.
It's prepare during Mao Zedong'southward Cultural Revolution and kicks off when an alien race decides to invade Globe after the Chinese government covertly sends a signal into space. Information technology's notable because information technology'southward been reported to be indicative of a cultural shift in People's republic of china, where rapid modernization and progress have captured the public'southward imagination.
Zuckerberg writes that it'due south a fun break from some of the heavier material he'south been reading in his book social club.
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19.Gang Leader for a Mean solar day by Sudhir Venkatesh
Venkatesh is a Columbia University sociology professor who, in a radical sociological experiment, embedded himself into a Chicago gang in the 1990s.
Zuckerberg says that Venkatesh's story is an inspiring one of advice and understanding across economic and cultural barriers.
"The more we all have a vocalization to share our perspectives, the more than empathy we have for each other and the more than we respect each other's rights," Zuckerberg writes.
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twenty.The Player of Games by Iain M. Banks
The Player of Games was first published in 1988 and is the 2d in the "Civilization" serial. It explores what a civilization would expect like if hyper-avant-garde technology was created to serve human being needs and surpassed human capabilities.
Zuckerberg writes that he went with a sci-fi choice as a "change of step." The novel is also i of Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk's favorite books because of its entertaining mode of exploring plausible advancements in technology.
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21.Orwell'southward Revenge by Peter Huber
Huber, a young man at the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, published this unofficial sequel to George Orwell'south 1984 in 1994, a time when cyberspace and telecommunication applied science were opening up new methods of advice. The novel imagines a world in which citizens employ the technology that one time enslaved them to liberate themselves.
"After seeing how history has really played out, Huber'due south fiction describes how tools similar the internet benefit people and alter guild for the amend," Zuckerberg writes.
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22.Energy: A Beginner's Guide past Vaclav Smil
Originally published in 2006, Energy starts with a basic explanation of what energy is and and then moves on to more circuitous subjects, including the quest to create more efficient and environmentally friendly fuels. Information technology's by University of Manitoba professor Vaclav Smil, ane of Bill Gates's favorite authors.
"Information technology explores important topics effectually how free energy works, how our product and employ might evolve, and how this affects climate change," Zuckerberg writes, noting that he likewise plans on reading Smil's book Making the Modern Earth.
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23.Rational Ritual by Michael Suk-Young Chwe
Zuckerberg thinks that this book by UCLA economist Michael Suk-Young Chwe can assistance its readers larn how to best use social media.
"The book is almost the concept of 'common cognition' and how people process the world not only based on what nosotros personally know, but what we know other people know and our shared noesis every bit well," Zuckerberg writes.
Chwe's idea may audio complicated, simply it's essentially a breakdown of the psychology backside people's interactions with others in public settings, and how they use these communities and rituals to help class their own identities.
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This story first appeared on Business Insider.
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